mammals - Conservation Pack

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Polar bear

C
Polar bear
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatSea ice, Arctic ocean
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactThreatened by climate change and melting sea ice
Adaptability
30

Harvest Mouse

C
Harvest Mouse
StatusNear Threatened
Primary HabitatTall grasses, reedbeds, arable land
Ecosystem RoleSeed eater, important prey species
Human ImpactVulnerable to intensive farming practices
Adaptability
40

Llama

C
Llama
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatAndean Highlands / Farmland
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactFarmed for wool and pack transport
Adaptability
85

Alpaca

C
Alpaca
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatAndean mountains, farms
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactBred for fleece and meat
Adaptability
80

Eurasian badger

C
Eurasian badger
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodlands, fields, and urban edges
Ecosystem RoleOmnivore, earthworm predator
Human ImpactRoad casualties, culling, habitat loss
Adaptability
80

Hazel dormouse

C
Hazel dormouse
StatusVulnerable (UK)
Primary HabitatDeciduous woodland, hedgerows
Ecosystem RoleSeed disperser
Human ImpactSeverely affected by loss of woodland and hedgerows
Adaptability
30

European hedgehog

C
European hedgehog
StatusVulnerable (UK)
Primary HabitatWoodland edges, hedgerows, and gardens
Ecosystem RoleInvertebrate predator
Human ImpactRoad casualties, habitat fragmentation, lack of garden access
Adaptability
65

Ringed seal

C
Ringed seal
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic ice floes and coasts
Ecosystem RoleMesopredator
Human ImpactClimate change and ice loss
Adaptability
40

Reindeer

C
Reindeer
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatTundra and boreal forests
Ecosystem RoleLarge herbivore
Human ImpactHabitat loss and climate change
Adaptability
50

Stoat

C
Stoat
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodlands, meadows, and tundra
Ecosystem RoleSmall predator
Human ImpactTrapping for fur (historical)
Adaptability
80

Snow vole

C
Snow vole
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatAlpine and subalpine rocky areas
Ecosystem RolePrimary consumer/Prey
Human ImpactSki resort development
Adaptability
50

Narwhal

C
Narwhal
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic ocean
Ecosystem RoleMid-level predator
Human ImpactNoise pollution and ice loss
Adaptability
30

Beluga whale

C
Beluga whale
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic and subarctic oceans
Ecosystem RolePredator
Human ImpactChemical pollution and ship strikes
Adaptability
60

Arctic hare

C
Arctic hare
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic tundra
Ecosystem RolePrimary consumer/Prey
Human ImpactClimate change
Adaptability
65

Fennec Fox

C
Fennec Fox
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatSandy deserts
Ecosystem RoleSmall predator
Human ImpactPet trade
Adaptability
75

Dromedary Camel

C
Dromedary Camel
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatDeserts and arid regions
Ecosystem RoleLarge herbivore (mostly domestic)
Human ImpactFully integrated with human societies
Adaptability
85

Arabian oryx

C
Arabian oryx
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatDesert and arid plains
Ecosystem RoleLarge herbivore
Human ImpactHistorical overhunting, current conservation reliance
Adaptability
50

Kangaroo rat

C
Kangaroo rat
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArid and semi-arid environments
Ecosystem RoleSeed disperser/Prey
Human ImpactHabitat conversion for agriculture
Adaptability
75

Spider monkey

C
Spider monkey
StatusEndangered
Primary HabitatTropical rainforest canopy
Ecosystem RoleSeed disperser
Human ImpactDeforestation and hunting
Adaptability
40

Giraffe

C
Giraffe
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatSavanna and woodlands
Ecosystem RoleBrowser
Human ImpactPoaching and habitat loss
Adaptability
50

Snow Leopard

C
Snow Leopard
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatAlpine and subalpine zones
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactPoaching, climate change, retaliatory killings
Adaptability
40

Alpine ibex

C
Alpine ibex
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatAlpine mountain ranges
Ecosystem RolePrimary consumer
Human ImpactHistorically hunted, now recovering
Adaptability
60

Eurasian Otter

C
Eurasian Otter
StatusNear Threatened
Primary HabitatFreshwater rivers and coasts
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator (aquatic)
Human ImpactAffected by water pollution and habitat destruction
Adaptability
65

Brown Bear

C
Brown Bear
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatForests and mountains
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator / Seed disperser
Human ImpactHabitat fragmentation and hunting
Adaptability
75

Moose

C
Moose
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatBoreal and mixed deciduous forests
Ecosystem RoleHerbivore
Human ImpactVehicle collisions and climate change affecting range
Adaptability
65

Pine Marten

C
Pine Marten
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodlands and forests
Ecosystem RolePredator
Human ImpactHistorical trapping and habitat loss
Adaptability
60

Urban Fox

C
Urban Fox
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatUrban areas and woodlands
Ecosystem RoleScavenger/Predator
Human ImpactThrives in human-dominated environments
Adaptability
95

Hedgehog

C
Hedgehog
StatusVulnerable (UK)
Primary HabitatGardens, hedgerows, and woodland edges
Ecosystem RoleInsectivore
Human ImpactThreatened by roads and habitat fragmentation
Adaptability
70

Field Vole

C
Field Vole
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatRough grassland
Ecosystem RolePrimary food source for many predators
Human ImpactRequires unmanaged field margins
Adaptability
80

Jaguar

C
Jaguar
StatusNear Threatened
Primary HabitatRainforests and swamps
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactHabitat fragmentation and poaching
Adaptability
50

Walrus

C
Walrus
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatArctic sea ice and coastlines
Ecosystem RoleBenthic predator
Human ImpactThreatened by climate change and sea ice loss
Adaptability
40

Orca

C
Orca
StatusData Deficient
Primary HabitatOceans worldwide
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactVulnerable to chemical pollution and noise
Adaptability
85

Lemming

C
Lemming
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic Tundra
Ecosystem RolePrimary Consumer, Key prey species
Human ImpactAffected by climate-driven changes to snow cover
Adaptability
70

Musk Ox

C
Musk Ox
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic Tundra
Ecosystem RoleLarge Herbivore
Human ImpactHistorically hunted, now recovering
Adaptability
40

Bowhead Whale

C
Bowhead Whale
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic and sub-Arctic waters
Ecosystem RoleFilter feeder
Human ImpactRecovering from commercial whaling, threatened by ship strikes
Adaptability
30

Arctic Wolf

C
Arctic Wolf
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic Tundra
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactMinimal due to remote habitat
Adaptability
65

Dingo

C
Dingo
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatOutback and forests
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactTargeted by widespread culling and fencing
Adaptability
80

Howler Monkey

C
Howler Monkey
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatRainforests
Ecosystem RoleFolivore and seed disperser
Human ImpactHabitat fragmentation
Adaptability
50

Pika

C
Pika
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatAlpine scree slopes
Ecosystem RoleHerbivore
Human ImpactHighly sensitive to climate change warming their habitats
Adaptability
20

Wolf

C
Wolf
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatForests, Tundra, and Grasslands
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactHabitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict
Adaptability
85

Lynx

C
Lynx
StatusLeast Concern (Eurasian)
Primary HabitatBoreal and temperate forests
Ecosystem RoleMesopredator/Apex Predator
Human ImpactThreatened by habitat fragmentation and poaching
Adaptability
65

Tapir

C
Tapir
StatusVulnerable/Endangered
Primary HabitatTropical rainforests and wetlands
Ecosystem RoleSeed disperser
Human ImpactThreatened by habitat destruction and hunting
Adaptability
40

Rat

C
Rat
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatUrban areas, forests, fields
Ecosystem RolePrey for many predators, scavenger
Human ImpactWidely controlled as a pest
Adaptability
100

Blue Whale

C
Blue Whale
StatusEndangered
Primary HabitatOceans
Ecosystem RoleApex Marine Predator
Human ImpactShip strikes, climate change
Adaptability
30

Fin Whale

C
Fin Whale
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatPelagic ocean
Ecosystem RoleMarine Predator
Human ImpactWhaling, noise pollution
Adaptability
35

African Bush Elephant

C
African Bush Elephant
StatusEndangered
Primary HabitatSavanna
Ecosystem RoleEcosystem Engineer
Human ImpactPoaching for ivory
Adaptability
60

Brazilian Free-tailed Bat

C
Brazilian Free-tailed Bat
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatCaves, urban bridges
Ecosystem RoleInsect population control
Human ImpactPesticides, roost disturbance
Adaptability
80

Cheetah

C
Cheetah
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatSavanna
Ecosystem RoleApex Predator
Human ImpactHabitat fragmentation
Adaptability
40

Three-toed Sloth

C
Three-toed Sloth
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatTropical rainforest canopy
Ecosystem RoleArboreal folivore
Human ImpactDeforestation
Adaptability
20

Thomson's Gazelle

C
Thomson's Gazelle
StatusNear Threatened
Primary HabitatSavanna
Ecosystem RolePrimary Consumer
Human ImpactHabitat loss
Adaptability
50

Dog

C
Dog
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatHuman homes
Ecosystem RoleCompanion
Human ImpactCompletely dependent on humans
Adaptability
95

Cat

C
Cat
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatHuman homes
Ecosystem RoleApex micro-predator
Human ImpactCan severely impact local bird populations
Adaptability
90

Guinea Pig

C
Guinea Pig
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatHuman homes
Ecosystem RoleHerbivore
Human ImpactPopular pet
Adaptability
80

Hamster

C
Hamster
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatHuman homes
Ecosystem RoleOmnivore
Human ImpactPopular pet
Adaptability
70

Cow

C
Cow
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatFarmland
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactFarmed for milk and meat
Adaptability
80

Pig

C
Pig
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatFarmland
Ecosystem RoleOmnivore
Human ImpactFarmed globally
Adaptability
90

Horse

C
Horse
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatFields and stables
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactUsed for riding and work
Adaptability
85

Goat

C
Goat
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatMountains and farms
Ecosystem RoleBrowser
Human ImpactFarmed for milk and meat
Adaptability
95

Donkey

C
Donkey
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatDeserts and farms
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactUsed globally as a working animal
Adaptability
90

Fox

C
Fox
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodland and urban
Ecosystem RoleMeso-predator
Human ImpactVery adapted to city living
Adaptability
95

Badger

C
Badger
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodland
Ecosystem RoleOmnivore / Earthworm predator
Human ImpactThreatened by traffic and culls
Adaptability
70

Squirrel

C
Squirrel
StatusEndangered (UK)
Primary HabitatConiferous woodland
Ecosystem RoleSeed dispersal
Human ImpactDisplaced by invasive grey squirrels
Adaptability
40

Zebra

C
Zebra
StatusNear Threatened
Primary HabitatSavanna
Ecosystem RolePrimary consumer
Human ImpactHabitat loss
Adaptability
60

Rhinoceros

C
Rhinoceros
StatusCritically Endangered
Primary HabitatSavanna
Ecosystem RoleMega-herbivore
Human ImpactHeavily poached for its horn
Adaptability
30

Hippopotamus

C
Hippopotamus
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatRivers and lakes
Ecosystem RoleMega-herbivore / Ecosystem engineer
Human ImpactHabitat loss
Adaptability
40

Kangaroo

C
Kangaroo
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatAustralian outback
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactFences disrupt movement
Adaptability
75

Gorilla

C
Gorilla
StatusCritically Endangered
Primary HabitatTropical rainforest
Ecosystem RoleSeed dispersal
Human ImpactPoaching and habitat destruction
Adaptability
30

Rabbit

C
Rabbit
StatusEndangered (Native range)
Primary HabitatMeadows and woodland edges
Ecosystem RoleKey prey species
Human ImpactOften considered a pest
Adaptability
85

Vole

C
Vole
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatGrasslands
Ecosystem RoleCrucial prey for owls and kestrels
Human ImpactVulnerable to habitat clearing
Adaptability
60

Lion

C
Lion
StatusVulnerable
Primary HabitatSavanna
Ecosystem RoleApex predator
Human ImpactHabitat loss and conflict
Adaptability
50

Tiger

C
Tiger
StatusEndangered
Primary HabitatJungles and forests
Ecosystem RoleApex predator
Human ImpactPoaching
Adaptability
40

Wood Mouse

C
Wood Mouse
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodland and fields
Ecosystem RoleCrucial food base for many predators
Human ImpactPesticides
Adaptability
85

Brown Hare

C
Brown Hare
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArable fields and grassland
Ecosystem RolePrimary consumer
Human ImpactHabitat loss from agriculture
Adaptability
60

Common Pipistrelle

C
Common Pipistrelle
StatusLeast Concern — the UK's commonest bat; fully protected
Primary HabitatGardens, parks, farmland, woodland edge and towns; roosts in buildings
Ecosystem RoleNight-time insect-hunter — a major controller of midges and gnats
Human ImpactHelped by gardens and buildings, but harmed by lost roosts, cats, light pollution and insect decline
Adaptability
85

Grey Squirrel

C
Grey Squirrel
StatusLeast Concern (Invasive)
Primary HabitatWoodland and parks
Ecosystem RoleSeed dispersal
Human ImpactIntroduced species, outcompetes red squirrels
Adaptability
95

Sheep

C
Sheep
StatusDomesticated
Primary HabitatHills and pasture
Ecosystem RoleGrazer
Human ImpactMajor shaper of the UK landscape
Adaptability
85

Human

C
Human
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatEverywhere
Ecosystem RoleApex consumer
Human ImpactShapes the entire planet
Adaptability
100

Deer

C
Deer
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodland and moorland
Ecosystem RoleLarge herbivore
Human ImpactOverpopulation due to lack of predators
Adaptability
85

Mole

C
Mole
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatFields and woodland
Ecosystem RoleSoil aerator
Human ImpactOften trapped as a pest
Adaptability
75

Weasel

C
Weasel
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodland and hedgerows
Ecosystem RoleApex micro-predator
Human ImpactHabitat loss
Adaptability
70

Grey Seal

C
Grey Seal
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatRocky coasts
Ecosystem RoleApex marine predator
Human ImpactVulnerable to fishing nets
Adaptability
60

Beaver

C
Beaver
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatRivers
Ecosystem RoleEcosystem engineer
Human ImpactHunted to near extinction, now being reintroduced
Adaptability
60

Otter

C
Otter
StatusNear Threatened
Primary HabitatClean rivers
Ecosystem RoleApex aquatic predator
Human ImpactRecovering well from past river pollution
Adaptability
70

Dolphins in UK Waters

C
Dolphins in UK Waters
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatCoastal waters
Ecosystem RoleApex marine predator
Human ImpactPollution and fishing nets
Adaptability
70

The Badger's Night Life

C
The Badger's Night Life
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatWoodland
Ecosystem RoleOmnivore / Earthworm predator
Human ImpactThreatened by traffic and culls
Adaptability
70

Arctic Fox

C
Arctic Fox
StatusLeast Concern
Primary HabitatArctic tundra
Ecosystem RoleScavenger/Predator
Human ImpactClimate change melting habitat
Adaptability
50

Water Vole

C
Water Vole
StatusProtected (Wildlife and Countryside Act) — Britain's fastest-declining mammal
Primary HabitatBanks of rivers, streams, ditches and ponds
Ecosystem RoleGrazer that shapes bankside plants; prey for many predators
Human ImpactDevastated by habitat loss and American mink; now recovering in places
Adaptability
35

Noctule

C
Noctule
StatusLeast Concern, but declining as old trees are lost; fully protected by law
Primary HabitatOpen sky above woodland, pasture, wetlands and lakes; roosts in tree holes
Ecosystem RoleHigh-flying insect-hunter; a major predator of chafers and dung beetles
Human ImpactLoses its home when old trees are felled, and can collide with wind turbines
Adaptability
50

Barbastelle

C
Barbastelle
StatusNear Threatened and one of Britain's rarest mammals; specially protected
Primary HabitatAncient and mature woodland and wooded river valleys in southern and central England and Wales; roosts behind loose bark and in tree splits
Ecosystem RoleA specialist hunter of night-flying moths
Human ImpactVery vulnerable to the loss of ancient woodland and old trees, and to insecticides that kill its moths
Adaptability
20

Daubenton's Bat

C
Daubenton's Bat
StatusLeast Concern and increasing; fully protected
Primary HabitatOver calm fresh water — rivers, canals, lakes and ponds; roosts in tree holes, bridges and tunnels near water
Ecosystem RoleSpecialist hunter of insects emerging from water — midges, caddisflies and mayflies
Human ImpactHarmed by water pollution and by lighting over waterways; helped by clean rivers and bridge roosts
Adaptability
70

Bechstein's Bat

C
Bechstein's Bat
StatusNear Threatened and rare in Britain (only around 1,500); specially protected
Primary HabitatAncient broadleaved woodland, especially oak, in southern England and south Wales; roosts in tree holes and woodpecker cavities
Ecosystem RoleWoodland insect-hunter that both catches flying insects and gleans resting ones
Human ImpactOne of the UK's most woodland-dependent bats — very sensitive to the loss of ancient woodland
Adaptability
15

Greater Horseshoe Bat

C
Greater Horseshoe Bat
StatusRange-restricted in Britain after a huge decline, now slowly recovering; specially protected
Primary HabitatInsect-rich pasture, hedgerows and woodland edge in SW England and south Wales; roosts in caves, mines and large old buildings
Ecosystem RoleHunter of large beetles and moths; closely tied to traditional cattle-grazed countryside
Human ImpactWas devastated by lost roosts, insecticides and the loss of cattle pasture (its dung beetles need grazing animals); recovering where these are protected
Adaptability
25